Administration sets, Baxter:"IV administration sets used for the infusion of maintenance solutions, blood, antibiotics and drugs. Also included are specific therapy related sets, IV accessories and sets for Clinical irrigation. Needle free systems Gravity administration sets Pump compatible/Gravity sets Accessories."
http://www.baxter-ecommerce.com/ecatalog/category.do?level=0000017476&language=-11&legalEntity=020

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Intravenous Therapy, Baxter Healthcare (Australia):"Each day several hundred dedicated people manufacture thousands of containers of intravenous solutions that are used in hospitals throughout our region. Baxter today is the leading supplier of medication-delivery products and systems that deliver fluids and drugs to patients in hospitals and other health care facilities. We manufacture hundreds of different intravenous products, from IV fluids in flexible containers, to electronic infusion pumps, to ambulatory IV delivery systems. We constantly innovate with new products that meet a range of vital needs - from irrigation solutions used in surgery, to premixed drugs and solutions."
One Baxter Drive
Old Toongabbie NSW 2146
1300 789 646 (Phone) 1300 659 877 (Fax)
1800 029 975 (Phone)
http://www.baxterhealthcare.com.au/professionals/iv_therapies.html

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GB159 Intravenous Therapy Products, Technology And Markets:"Today, infusion therapy is almost routine. In hospitals, 90 percent of surgical patients and a third of non-surgical inpatients receive some form of intravenous therapy. Intravenous infusions are used for introducing fluids, nutrition, blood or its products, and medications to patients. Infusion product markets consist of two components: therapeutics, and hardware. The former consists of intravenous solutions and nutritionals, blood products, and intravenous drugs. The latter consist of vascular access and delivery devices. There has been major progress on both fronts. On the therapeutic front, new drugs and therapies have expanded the applications, offering more effective treatment of certain diseases."
Business Communications Company Inc.
25 Van Zant Street
Norwalk, Connecticut 06855-1781
Telephone:203.853-4266 Fax:203.853-0348
editor@buscom.com
http://www.bccresearch.com/archive/GB159.html

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Intravenous Therapy, Health Occupations, Dixie State College of Utah:"This course is designed to provide hospital and pre-hospital caregivers training in intravenous access at the basic level. The intent of this course is to provide a course for professionals who need this training as a requirement for their current position, refresher class of previous IV training, and/or as a pre-requisite class for entry into an RN program. Course content includes fundamental foundations of practice, infection control measures, fundamentals of fluid and electrolyte balance, basic infusion practice, and special problems associated with infusion therapy."
Dixie State College of Utah
Health Occupations
Carole Grady RNC, MS, WHCNP
225 South 700 East, St. George, UT 84790
652-7886 work phone
656-4025 fax
grady@dixie.edu
http://www.dixie.edu/online/courses/HLOC1070/

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Institute for Healthcare Improvement: Standardize Intravenous Solutions:"Reduce Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) Involving Intravenous Medications: Standardize Intravenous Solutions. When several different strengths of intravenous solutions are available, it is far too easy to dispense or administer a different solution than was ordered. There is little need for multiple solutions because doses administered can be controlled by the flow rate set. Standardize each medication to just one strength of solution, or as few as possible, to decrease the risk of selecting the wrong one."
Institute for Healthcare Improvement
20 University Road, 7th Floor
Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Phone: (617) 301-4800
Toll-Free: (866) 787-0831
Fax: (617) 301-4848
http://www.ihi.org/IHI/Topics/PatientSafety/MedicationSystems/Changes/IndividualChanges/Standardize+Intravenous+Solutions.htm

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Use and abuse of intravenous solutions, Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA):"Recent microbial infusion disasters underline the fact that infusions carry a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality. Those who make a habit of setting up an intravenous infusion as a convenient route for the administration of drugs, or just in case it may be needed later, would do well to review their methodsmthe increased probability of contamination and subsequent patient infection by the practice of adding drugs to intravenous fluids is not generally recognized."
American Medical Association
P.O. Box 10946
Chicago, IL 60610-0946
Phone: 1-800-262-2350/1-312-670-7827
e-mail: ama-subs@ama-assn.org
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/232/5/533

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Intravenous Solutions, PT Bio Farma (Persero):" Lactated Ringers, Each 1,000 ml contains: - Sterile distilled water up to 1,000 ml - Sodium lactate 3.10 g - Sodium Chloride 6.00 g - Potassium Chloride 0.30 g - Calcium Chloride 0.20g."
PT Bio Farma (Persero)
Postal Address: Jl Pasteur 28 - Bandung 40161- Indonesia
Phone:+62-22-2033-755
Fax:+62-22-204-1306
E-mail: mail@biofarma.co.id
http://www.biofarma.co.id/intravenous.htm

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Quality Testing Of Intravenous Fluids:"Large-volume injections which are intended to be administered by intravenous infusion are commonly termed IV fluids, or simply infusion fluids. These are sterile solutions of simple chemicals such as sugars, amino acids or electrolytes - materials which can be easily carried by the circulatory system and assimilated."
http://www.cis.um.edu.mt/~phcy/symp98/AlexanderFenech.html

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Types of Intravenous Fluids Used in Shock:
http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u01/u01_b03.htm

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0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP, B. Braun Medical Inc.:"Sodium Chloride Injections USP provide electrolytes and are a source of water for hydration. They are capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient. Sodium, the major cation of the extracellular fluid, functions primarily in the control of water distribution, fluid balance, and osmotic pressure of body fluids. Sodium is also associated with chloride and bicarbonate in the regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of body fluid. Chloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration."
B. Braun Medical Inc. Irvine, CA USA 92614-5895 http://www.bbraunusa.com/index.cfm?uuid=099656F8D0B759A1E379A4A1A0FC51B5

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Legal Issues, Considerations:

Intravenous Drug Therapy Medication Scheduling:"Category I" means single-dose injections of intravenous fluids, including saline, Ringer's lactate, five per cent dextrose and distilled water, and other intravenous fluids or parenteral solutions included in this category by rule of the board of pharmacy, that have a volume of one hundred milliliters or more and that contain no added substances, or single-dose injections of epinephrine to be administered pursuant to sections 4765.38 and 4765.39 of the Revised Code."
http://ohioacts.avv.com/121/hb117/sec-4729.54.htm

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